Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: WTAP stabilizes MMP12 expression to promote the malignant phenotypes of esophageal cancer cells

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101101

Figure Lengend Snippet: MMP12 silencing inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. THP-1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages (THP-1 M0) by treatment with 100 ng/mL PMA for 24 h. (A) Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of CD68-positive cells. Subsequently, KYSE150 cells were co-cultured with the THP-1-derived macrophages using a Transwell system. (B) The mRNA levels of IL-10, Arg-1, and TGF-β were detected by qRT-PCR. (C) Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of CD206-positive macrophages. (D) Cell migration analysis by transwell migration assay. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For immunophenotyping, single-cell suspensions of both THP-1 and THP-1-M0 cells were labeled with an anti-CD68 antibody (E-AB-F1299L, Elabscience, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Migration, Transwell Migration Assay

Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: WTAP stabilizes MMP12 expression to promote the malignant phenotypes of esophageal cancer cells

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101101

Figure Lengend Snippet: WTAP silencing inhibited M2 macrophage polarization by regulating MMP12. THP-1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages (THP-1 M0) by treatment with 100 ng/mL PMA for 24 h. KYSE150 cells were transfected with si-WTAP, MMP12 overexpression plasmid, or the matched control (si-NC and oe-NC). Subsequently, these KYSE150 cells were co-cultured with the THP-1-derived macrophages using a Transwell system. (A) The mRNA levels of IL-10, Arg-1, and TGF-β were detected by qRT-PCR. (B) Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of CD206-positive macrophages. (C) Cell migration analysis by transwell migration assay. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For immunophenotyping, single-cell suspensions of both THP-1 and THP-1-M0 cells were labeled with an anti-CD68 antibody (E-AB-F1299L, Elabscience, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, Migration, Transwell Migration Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Mannosylated graphene oxide nanotherapeutics co-delivering docetaxel and a STING agonist reprogram myeloid cells and potentiate antitumor immunity

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103086

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophage-targeted GO-EDM-DTX-Vad induces M2-to-M1 repolarization and limits TNBC cell proliferation and migration. (A) After incubation of M2-polarized macrophages with the nanocomposites for 24 h, CD206 and CD86 were quantified by flow cytometry. (B) After co-treatment of M0 RAW264.7 cells with IL-4/IL-13 and the nanocomposites for 48 h, CD206 and CD86 were quantified by flow cytometry. (C) RT-qPCR of CD86, iNOS, CD206 and IL-10 expression. (D) RAW264.7 immunoblots of STING axis including TBK1, phospho-TBK1, IRF3 and phospho-IRF3, with GAPDH as a reference. (E) CLSM images of RAW264.7 uptake of RhoB–GO-EDM-DTX-Vad (nuclei, blue; nanocomposites, red; scale bar, 100 μm). (F) ELISA of TGF-β, IL-10 and TNF-α in culture supernatants. (G) Schematic of the in vitro workflow for generating macrophage-conditioned media and assessing CM-driven tumor cell functions. (H, I) Colony formation (H) and EdU flow-cytometry analyses (I) of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with the indicated macrophage-CM. Groups: G1, PBS; G2, GO-EDM; G3, GO-EDM-DTX; G4, GO-EDM-Vad; G5, GO-EDM-DTX-Vad; G6, GO-EDM-DTX-Vad + NIR. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with the indicated nanocomposites for 24 h. The apoptosis was quantified by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) followed by flow cytometry, and cell viability was visualized by Calcein-AM/PI live/dead staining (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) using CLSM.

Techniques: Migration, Incubation, Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, In Vitro

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Mannosylated graphene oxide nanotherapeutics co-delivering docetaxel and a STING agonist reprogram myeloid cells and potentiate antitumor immunity

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103086

Figure Lengend Snippet: GO-EDM-DTX-Vad combined with NIR induces TNBC cell death, apoptosis and immunogenic cell death. (A, B) Calcein-AM/PI live/dead staining of 4T1 (A) and MDA-MB-231 (B) cells (live, green; dead, red; scale bar, 200 μm). (C, D) Annexin V/PI apoptosis plots for 4T1 (C) and MDA-MB-231 (D) cells. (E, F) Quantification of viable and early/late apoptotic 4T1 cells. (H, I) Quantification of viable and early/late apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells. (G, J) Dose–response viability curves after 48 h treatment with free DTX or GO-EDM-DTX-Vad in 4T1 (G) and MDA-MB-231 (J). (K, L) Immunofluorescence of CRT exposure and HMGB1 release after 24 h treatment in 4T1 (K) and MDA-MB-231 (L) cells (nuclei, blue; CRT/HMGB1, green; scale bar, 100 μm). (M) Schematic of the ICD-to-DC maturation assay. (N–P) Frequencies of CD40 + , CD80 + and CD86 + DCs after co-culture. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with the indicated nanocomposites for 24 h. The apoptosis was quantified by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) followed by flow cytometry, and cell viability was visualized by Calcein-AM/PI live/dead staining (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) using CLSM.

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: 3D-printing flexible PLGA scaffold modified with bioorthogonal IGF-1 for skin regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101100

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytocompatibility and bioactivity of different scaffolds. (A) Calcein-AM staining photos and (B) proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells on scaffold in each group. (C) The relative mRNA expression of bFGF, Col1, integrin β, and VEGF in NIH-3T3 cells on different scaffolds at 7th day. Bar = 200 μm, n = 3, ∗p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: On day 4 and 7, in order to evaluate cell adhesion, Calcein AM (Beyotime) was used to stain the cells.

Techniques: Staining, Expressing